As of September 2021, the smallest PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is the one inside the Michigan Micro Mote (M^3) which was developed by the University of Michigan. The entire device, including the PCB, measures just 1 cubic millimeter. The exact dimensions of the PCB itself are not often disclosed but they must fit into this incredibly tiny form factor. The M^3 is a complete computer system and includes RAM, flash memory, a processor, and even a solar cell for power.
As technology advances, smaller PCBs are continuously being developed. Please verify this information with the most recent sources.
There are no technical limitations to the size of a PCB, and it is theoretically possible to create a PCB with a size of a few micrometers. The smallest PCBs are typically used in medical devices, wearable electronics, and other applications where space is limited.
The cost of a PCB increases as the size decreases because it is more difficult and expensive to manufacture small PCBs.
Any sized PCBs, including micro-PCBs, can be designed to handle harsh environments, but it often requires special design considerations and additional protective measures.
Harsh environments could include:
Conformal Coating:
This is a protective chemical coating or polymer film that 'conforms' to the circuit board topology. Its purpose is to protect electronic circuits from harsh environments that may contain moisture, chemical contaminants, or extreme temperatures.
Potting:
This is the process of filling a complete electronic assembly with a solid or gelatinous compound for resistance to shock and vibration, and for exclusion of moisture and corrosive agents.
Rugged Components:
Using components that are specifically designed to withstand harsh conditions.
Design Techniques:
Implementing various design techniques such as strategic component placement, use of heat sinks, thermal relief pads, and others can also help.
Overengineering:
Designing the PCB to exceed normal specifications can provide a buffer against harsh conditions.
Use of robust materials:
Certain materials are more resistant to harsh conditions, such as certain plastics or metals for the board material.
There are practical limits to these protection methods and, in extremely harsh conditions, even these might not be sufficient. Additionally, the smaller the PCB (especially in the case of micro-PCBs), the harder it might be to implement some of these protection methods. For instance, applying a rugged casing or conformal coating might be more challenging on a micro scale.
Designing PCBs for harsh environments usually requires trade-offs and might increase the cost of the PCB. It's important to understand the specific requirements of the environment and to design the PCB to meet those needs. Always check for the most recent standards and technological updates in PCB design for harsh environments.
There is continuous research and development to enhance the durability of microelectronics, including micro-PCBs, in harsh conditions. It's always a good idea to check with our manufacturers for the most recent technological updates.
If you are looking for a PCB (or micro-PCB), you will appreciate working with our premiere manufacturers. They will be able to help you design and manufacture a PCB that meets your needs and budget.
Please send us your requirements and let our experienced team provide solutions for you.
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